The Yale University Art Gallery - 946 Words

The Yale University Art Gallery was founded in 1833 when John Trumbull donated to the University a collection of over 100 paintings of the American Revolution. The original building was raised in 1901. Currently the gallery, considered to be the oldest in the western hemisphere houses a huge collection of art occupying several buildings of the University. The Main building of the Gallery was built in 1953, and was among the very first designs of Louis Kahn who taught architecture at Yale. Kahn sought to give the modern post WWII architecture a monumentality, when designing the gallery. His choice of materials such as heavily textured bricks and bare concrete contrasts with the much more delicate and refined surfaces inside the build as well as the huge glass windows lined by steel. On the outside the buildings simple, plain deprived of any architectural detail walls sharply contrast against the other Neo-gothic buildings of the University. The entrance is hidden in a niche on the s ide of the building, surrounded by multitude of glass fenestrations. After stepping through the door, the visitor finds himself in an large, open space surrounded with loft like areas. In the background visible are the core circulation elements such as the main stair case, which also acts as a sculpture, the elevator and the mechanical core. The ceiling in some of the rooms looks like a cement waffle. Along with the elements of concrete and steel, the hollow- tetrahedral space frames give theShow MoreRelatedArt Museum Of Fort Worth Texas877 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence and style continued at the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth Texas. Louis Kahn is a modern architect that designed the Kimbell Art Museum. Kahn emerged from the Beaux-Arts movement but became one of the foremost American Modernist architects of the 1950’s and 60’s (Kimball, 1990). Kahn created a building for the Kimbell Art Museum that also complimented the art and did not distract the viewer (Kim ball, 1990). He was commissioned to design the Kimbell Art Museum from 1966-1972). â€Å"Kahn’s museumsRead MoreAnalysis Of Donald Blumberg s The Master 724 Words   |  3 Pages Through August 21 to November 22 2015, Yale University Art Gallery is presenting Donald Blumbergs Photographs: Selection from the Master Sets. 160 photographs from last six decades. Donald Blumberg is a contemporary American photographer born in 1935. In his early carrier, his work focused on street photography; later on he developed his own style showing mass media, identity and consumerism. His black and white photographs explore space, politics and surrounding us culture. The exhibition is dividedRead More Grant Wood Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pages Grant Wood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I recently took a trip to the Jocelyn Art Museum. There they had many great painting in the permanent art collection. One that caught my eye, which I had seen many times before, but never knew any thing about, was a painting called Stone City, Iowa , which was created by Grant Wood in 1930. This painting is oil on wood panel and is 30  ¼ X 40 inches. Grant Wood is a famous philosopher who was born in February in the year 1891 in Anamosa, Iowa. Wood was born to QuakerRead More Jacob Lawrence Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagesmother and siblings to New York, settling in Harlem. quot;He trained as a painter at the Harlem Art Workshop, inside the New York Public Librarys 113 5th Street branch. Younger than the artists and writers who took part in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, Lawrence was also at an angle to them: he was not interested in the kind of idealized, fake-primitive images of blacks - the Noble Negroes in Art Deco guise - that tended to be produced as an antidote to the toxic racist stereotypes with whichRead MoreBuildings And Buildings Of Art Gallery Of Ontario1310 Words   |  6 Pages Shiva Shushtari 500697251 Theme: Buildings and Time Buildings Visited: Eaton Centre St.Lawrance Market (South Building) Art Gallery of Ontario-AGO Word Count: Nowadays, as modern societies provide an almost fixed time-table for humans to operate in various fields, we have far less freedom regarding our natural and momentary impulses than in the past. In other words, we are increasingly detaching ourselves from organic and functional periodicity which is dictated by natureRead MoreStylistic Analysis of Parmigianinos Madonna with the Long Neck847 Words   |  3 Pagesdimension of 216x132cm. The period style is Mannerism which was painted for the Church of Santa Maria dei Servi at Parma and is considered as a masterpiece of the finishing stages in the art of Parmigianino. Although Parmigianino worked on the painting for six long years, yet it remained incomplete. (Web Gallery of Photo, 2012) The work conveys a rather detached poetical feeling with the effect emanating from the marvelous abstraction of forms that has been effortlessly rounded under the even andRead MoreEssay about London: A Cultural City1248 Words   |  5 Pagescreated. London also satisfied more intellectual tastes. Circulating libraries opened; by 1800, the capital had almost 122 of these â€Å"evergreen trees of diabolical knowledge†6. Picture galleries were also set up, depicting scenes from Shakespeare, the Holy Bible, and English history. Founded in 1769, the Royal Academy staged art exhibitions, while scientists met at the Royal Society and experts at the Society of Antiquaries. Mrs. Salmon opened a waxworks in Fleet Street, before Madame Tussaud arrived fromRead MoreEssay The Art Cowboy1439 Words   |  6 Pagesboundaries in the world of art. He created something new, and at the time no one had been able to do that. Jackson Pollock shocked the world of art by introducing a new way of pai nting that changed the definition of art forever. Pollock, born in Cody, Wyoming in 1912, was a cowboy. By his mid teens, Pollock fell in love with art and decided to pursue it. He left the West and headed to New York City, the heart and soul of American art. Young Jackson Pollock, upon arriving at the Arts Students League, beganRead MoreSummary Of The Sad Little Paul 962 Words   |  4 Pages  Throughout the years of high school, he continued his ambitions in music and art, when he couldn t do anything else like sports.   His passion of art continued to grow, while he carried on his desire to attend art school to increase his artistic knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1965, Paul Missal received his B.F.A. degree in painting and printmaking   from Cleveland Institute of Art, soon after received his M.F.A from Yale in 1968. While attending art school, he grew fond of his insightful professors who were the basicRead MoreImages Of Witchcraft During Renaissance Culture2230 Words   |  9 Pagesperiod before the real craze began. Arguably some of the first popular depictions of witchcraft began around the period in which Malleus was published. Dà ¼rer’s Four Witches was produced in 1497. While the image has a number of classical influences, as art and humanist pursuits of the period often did, Linda Hults asserts that Dà ¼rer’s work addresses the common anxieties, which were presented in the Malleus. These are largely issues of gender relations, and of ‘men’s need to control female sexuality’;

Chemistry in Human Body Free Essays

Editor’s Note: This occasional series of articles looks at the vital things in our lives and the chemistry they are made of. You are what you eat. But do you recall munching some molybdenum or snacking on selenium? Some 60 chemical elements are found in the body, but what all of them are doing there is still unknown. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry in Human Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now Roughly 96 percent of the mass of the human body is made up of just four elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, with a lot of that in the form of water. The remaining 4 percent is a sparse sampling of the periodic table of elements. Some of the more prominent representatives are called macro nutrients, whereas those appearing only at the level of parts per million or less are referred to as micronutrients. These nutrients perform various functions, including the building of bones and cell structures, regulating the body’s pH, carrying charge, and driving chemical reactions. The FDA has set a reference daily intake for 12 minerals (calcium, iron, phosphorous, iodine, magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and chloride). Sodium and potassium also have recommended levels, but they are treated separately. Read this Practice Test Chem 105 However, this does not exhaust the list of elements that you need. Sulfur is not usually mentioned as a dietary supplement because the body gets plenty of it in proteins. And there are several other elements — such as silicon, boron, nickel, vanadium and lead — that may play a biological role but are not classified as essential. â€Å"This may be due to the fact that a biochemical function has not been defined by experimental evidence,† said Victoria Drake from the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University. Sometimes all that is known is that lab animals performed poorly when their diets lacked a particular non-essential element. However, identifying the exact benefit an element confers can be difficult as they rarely enter the body in a pure form. â€Å"We don’t look at them as single elements but as elements wrapped up in a compound,† said Christine Gerbstadt, national spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association. A normal diet consists of thousands of compounds (some containing trace elements) whose effects are the study of ongoing research. For now, we can only say for certain what 20 or so elements are doing. Here is a quick rundown, with the percentage of body weight in parentheses. Oxygen (65%) and hydrogen (10%) are predominantly found in water, which makes up about 60 percent of the body by weight. It’s practically impossible to imagine life without water. Carbon (18%) is synonymous with life. Its central role is due to the fact that it has four bonding sites that allow for the building of long, complex chains of molecules. Moreover, carbon bonds can be formed and broken with a modest amount of energy, allowing for the dynamic organic chemistry that goes on in our cells. Nitrogen (3%) is found in many organic molecules, including the amino acids that make up proteins, and the nucleic acids that make up DNA. Calcium (1. 5%) is the most common mineral in the human body — nearly all of it found in bones and teeth. Ironically, calcium’s most important role is in bodily functions, such as muscle contraction and protein regulation. In fact, the body will actually pull calcium from bones (causing problems like osteoporosis) if there’s not enough of the element in a person’s diet. Phosphorus (1%) is found predominantly in bone but also in the molecule ATP, which provides energy in cells for driving chemical reactions. Potassium (0. 25%) is an important electrolyte (meaning it carries a charge in solution). It helps regulate the heartbeat and is vital for electrical signaling in nerves. Sulfur (0. 25%) is found in two amino acids that are important for giving proteins their shape. Sodium (0. 15%) is another electrolyte that is vital for electrical signaling in nerves. It also regulates the amount of water in the body. Chlorine (0. 15%) is usually found in the body as a negative ion, called chloride. This electrolyte is important for maintaining a normal balance of fluids. Magnesium (0. 05%) plays an important role in the structure of the skeleton and muscles. It also is necessary in more than 300 essential metabolic reactions. Iron (0. 006%) is a key element in the metabolism of almost all living organisms. It is also found in hemoglobin, which is the oxygen carrier in red blood cells. Half of women don’t get enough iron in their diet. Fluorine (0. 0037%) is found in teeth and bones. Outside of preventing tooth decay, it does not appear to have any importance to bodily health. Zinc (0. 0032%) is an essential trace element for all forms of life. Several proteins contain structures called â€Å"zinc fingers† help to regulate genes. Zinc deficiency has been known to lead to dwarfism in developing countries. Copper (0. 0001%) is important as an electron donor in various biological reactions. Without enough copper, iron won’t work properly in the body. Iodine (0. 000016%) is required for making of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolic rate and other cellular functions. Iodine deficiency, which can lead to goiter and brain damage, is an important health problem throughout much of the world. Selenium (0. 000019%) is essential for certain enzymes, including several anti-oxidants. Unlike animals, plants do not appear to require selenium for survival, but they do absorb it, so there are several cases of selenium poisoning from eating plants grown in selenium-rich soils. Chromium (0. 0000024%) helps regulate sugar levels by interacting with insulin, but the exact mechanism is still not completely understood. Manganese (0. 000017%) is essential for certain enzymes, in particular those that protectmitochondria — the place where usable energy is generated inside cells — from dangerous oxidants. Molybdenum (0. 000013%) is essential to virtually all life forms. In humans, it is important for transforming sulfur into a usable form. In nitrogen-fixing bacteria, it is important for transforming nitrogen into a usable form. Cobalt (0. 0000021%) is contained in vitamin B12, which is important in protein formation and DNA regulation. Importance of chemistry in our daily life Importance of chemistry in our daily life Everything is made of chemicals. Many of the changes we observe in the world around we see that caused by chemical reactions. Chemistry is very important because it helps us to know the composition, structure changes of matter. All the matters are made up of chemistry. In our every day like various chemical are being used in various from, some of those are being used as food, some of those used clanging etc. 1 Element in the Human Body Body is made up of chemical compounds, which are combinations of elements. Probably know body is mostly water, which is hydrogen and oxygen, 2. Health Care and Beauty: The diagnostic tests carried out in laboratories, the prognostic estimations, medical prescriptions, pills, the vaccines, the antibiotics play very vital role in health monitoring, control of diseases and in alleviating the sufferings of the humanity. Right from birth control to enhancement of life expectancy- all have been made possible using the unequivocal services of Chemistry. From simple sterilization surgical instruments with antiseptic solution to Chemotherapy and Genome sequencing are all nothing but applications of Chemistry. Injecting cows, buffaloes, goat and sheep with bovinesome towrope Increases milk-production but it is indiscriminately being used by sportspersons to un-ethically enhance performance. Aging- a chemical change can only be checked chemically. Most beauty products are produced through chemical synthesis to clean, nurture and protect skins. However their certain ingredients are hazardous to our health in the long run. 3. Industries and Transport: From cloth mills, lather factories, petro-chemical industries and refineries to metal industries- all use numerous fuels for power generation and chemical products for processing their product and improve the equality and simultaneously produce pollution. Now-a-days chemical effluent treatment plants use chemicals to control or neutralist he hazardous impact of pollutants produced by the industries. Aviation and shipping industries generate power through power plants which burn fuels. Petrol and diesel emit out green house gases dangerous for the survival on earth which damage the ozone layer that protects us from UV rays. As a result global warming has taken place which is a destroyer of the planet earth. But again Chemistry paves the way with bio-fuels. 4. Food Security and Agriculture: The famous green revolution to increase agricultural produce so as to ensure food security was triggered by the advent of inorganic fertilizers. Since then fertilizers are extensively used by farmers to restore the fertility of soil in the fields. Pesticides are used to protect the crop during farming nd preserve the grains from pests, rats and mice during storage. Genetically modified seeds which are used to enhance production and earn profits through export of food grains are agricultural applications of Bio-chemistry. Whereas refrigeration system for cold storage of vegetables and raw meat uses Poly Urethanes Foam (PUF) and the chemical properties of gases, the preservatives i n packaged food products are known to have adverse impact on our body. 5. Science and Technology: The destructive effects of Atom Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Generations in Japan have suffered the devastation and there has-been no solace. The threat of weapons of mass-destruction (WMDs) like the Nuclear, Chemical and Biological weapons looms large on the Humanity. Terrorists are using RDX and other explosives to run currents of fear down the spines across the globe. Nuclear reactors which are going to serve the future generations through power generation leave us with the problem of Nuclear Waste Management. Whereas the destructive power is generated through chains of chemical reactions, we remain assured that Chemistry has facilitated the chain of counter measures too in the form of safety suites and NBC resistant bunkers. Forensic science- the comprehensive scientific analysis of material evidence in the context of the law uses principles of chemistry to facilitate crime investigation. Tele-communications, Information Technology and Space Missions- all bank on the chemistry of semi-conductor sand nano-tubes. 6 Cooking Chemistry explains how food changes as we cook it, how it rots, how to preserve food, how our body uses the food eats, and how ingredients interact to make food. 7 Cleaning Part of the importance of chemistry is it explains how cleaning works. e use chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes, laundry, yourself, and your home. we use chemistry when use bleaches and disinfectants and even ordinary soap and water. How do they work? That’s chemistry! 8 Medicine it is very need to understand basic chemistry so that we can understand how vitamins, supplements, and drugs can help or harm us. Part of the importance’s of chemistry lies in developing and testing new med ical treatments and medicines. 9Environmental Issues Chemistry is at the heart of environmental issues. What makes one chemical a nutrient and another chemical a pollutant? How we can clean up the environment? What processes can produce the things our need without harming the environment? We’re all chemists. We use chemicals every day and perform chemical reactions without thinking much about them. Chemistry is important because everything you do is chemistry! Even our body is made of chemicals. Chemical reactions occur when we breathe, eat, or just sit there reading. All matter is made of chemicals, so the importance of chemistry is that it’s the study of everything. Reference 1. http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistry101/f/importanceofchemistry.htm Chemistry is present in every aspect of life, and here we can see a few examples. There are articles about the chemistry of everyday life, and also a few about physics, as it’s also present in our daily life 2 http://www.novapdf.com How to cite Chemistry in Human Body, Papers

Virgin Mobile Case Analysis free essay sample

For instance, customers’ distrust in pricing plans due to confusing usage rates; companies’ inconvenient and inconsistent off-peak hours; service provider’s hidden fees that include taxes and higher rates after minutes are used up, universal service charges, and one-time costs; and binding contracts by the service providers that require good credit history. Major carriers are not addressing these needs because they are complacent among competitors, and they do not view the non-business and/or younger market as a viable option for growth. As a delayed market entrant, Virgin Mobile’s strategy is to target an unsaturated market segment, while still attempting to earn a profit from a limited income segment. The target market consists of trendy consumers from ages 14 to 29. The company sees this market as an opportunity for growth because of their different usage, needs, and spending habits. However, this market’s limited purchasing power and distrust of industry pricing plans has made creating customer lifetime value and achieving profitability difficult. We will write a custom essay sample on Virgin Mobile Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To reach Schulman’s goal of having 1 million subscribers by the end of the first year, and 3 million by the fourth, the company must determine the most profitable and sustainable pricing plan. Option One Clone the Industry Prices: The proven success of the cell phone industry’s current prices is a viable option for modeling Virgin Mobile’s pricing strategy. Because Virgin Mobile has a limited advertising budget of $60 million, the familiarity of customers with established promotional strategies makes this an attractive option. However, this option would reduce competitive advantage within the market and serve as a challenge in penetrating such a saturated market with a similar offering as competitors. It currently takes a carrier 17 months to break even on customer acquisition costs, with a customer lifetime value of $540. 43 for those that do sign contracts, and a customer lifetime value of -$27. 14 for those that prepay (see Option 1). Furthermore, this largely ignores the demands of the 14-29 year age bracket. Many in this target segment would opt for a prepaid plan, which has a negative LTV, and is thus unsustainable. Option Two Set Prices Below the Competition: Virgin Mobile can market a â€Å"cheaper, plain and simple† strategy to satisfy the limited spending power of the company’s target market by reducing the price per minute to drive sales and market share. Decreasing the cost per minute from the industry average of 20 cents (assuming 200 minutes/unit/month) to 15 cents, decreases the customer lifetime value and raises the break-even period. LTV decreases to $126. 55 for those that sign contracts and -$182. 99 for those that prepay. This option is inconsistent with company goals, as margins and profitability will be driven down. Fundamentally, this is not a long-term solution. Option Three A Whole New Plan: Virgin Mobile has the option of creating an entirely new strategy for the introduction into the market. The use of contracts helps establish customer retention and is a filter to those customers who have bad credit. However, without a signed contract with the customer, Virgin Mobile operates without a safety net and higher churn rate if the customer is unhappy with the service provided. In terms of introducing prepaid pricing, this could serve as a way for the company to differentiate itself from competitors. Specifically, the prepaid option caters to the younger target market by eliminating hidden fees, offering flexibility in choosing contracts, and removing the risk of missed payments. On the other hand, prepaid pricing increases the churn rate by four percent and runs a risk of limited returns and customer loyalty. Hidden fees allow Virgin Mobile to promote low per minute prices, but the company is still able to collect additional revenues. In the proposal for Option 3, we significantly decreased our costs, allowing Virgin to slightly lower the price while maintaining a high margin. Because Virgin can buy its handsets at a cheaper basis than their competitors, they can lower the relative handset subsidy while still offering the handset to customers at $50, which is lower than the industry average. Furthermore, â€Å"other charges† (hidden fees) will be reduced from $12 to $5, eliminating all fees except taxes and those necessary for operation. We will be able to reduce the cost/minute to $0. 8 and will add unlimited text messages for $5 no on-peak, off-peak times or overage costs. This factor will help Verizon tap into the younger markets by offering straightforward plans at a slightly lower cost, flexibility in contracts, with the benefits of hip apps included in the service. Customer lifetime value would reach $926. 90 for those with contracts, $274. 29 for those without contracts; and breakeven would be reduc ed to 5 months. Recommendations After careful consideration and financial analysis, we chose Option 3 for our pricing structure. We felt having a low-cost, straightforward, pick-your-plan service was crucial to reaching the 14-29 age bracket. First, we found it important to have a plan that allows our customers the option of signing contracts or going on a prepaid basis. We felt that the younger segment in this age bracket would be included in their parents’ cell phone plan or supported by their parents, and the stability of contracts would appeal to these parents. However, having the non-contract option helps appeal to the older segment of the age bracket, to the young adults that are now on their own but don’t have the credit quality to sign a contract. This aspect of our product would essentially provide the best of both worlds and give our customers a sense of reliability with the brand. Having two options would also combat potentially high churn rates associated with non-contract agreements. Furthermore, because we were able to cut our costs given our low advertising budget and niche target market, we were able to emerge as a cost leader in the industry and still maintain high margins and high profitability. We will be able to advertise a lower cost per minute as well as lower hidden fees. Positioning Virgin Mobile as a low-cost brand will give us instant traction in the marketplace and differentiate our product from our already congested competitors. In addition, we saw a good opportunity to capitalize on text messaging as a key selling point for youths. By offering an unlimited plan, users might be more inclined to switch to our coverage once text message totals from other service providers begin to pile up. The final key factor we wanted to emphasize might in fact be the most important; making Virgin Mobile a hip brand. By focusing on unique design and packaging Virgin could position themselves as a â€Å"cool† product. Our age bracket values product design, so catering to these needs would go a long way in marketing our product. The idea of VirginXtras plays perfectly to this market position and would allow our company to receive the most â€Å"bang-for-our-buck† considering our low advertising budget. In order to maintain a low cost structure, we must make efficient use of the advertising dollars we do have.

Wife of Baths Tale Essay Example

Wife of Baths Tale Essay The general prologue of the story â€Å"The Canterbury Tales,† begin in April, as the narrator (Chaucer) begins a pilgrimage from the Tabard Inn at Southwerk to the famed Canterbury, where Sir Thomas a Becket, a martyr for Christianity, is supposedly buried. The General Prologue is a basic descriptive list of the twenty-nine people who become pilgrims to journey to Canterbury, each telling a story along the way. The narrator describes and lists the pilgrims skillfully, according to their rank and status. Noticeably, there is one character who seems to stand out over the others. She is a shy, polite Prioress who is well mannered and proper; wears a fine broach with inscriptions are about love. He clearly and mysteriously describe’s the wife’s background, â€Å"She’d had five husbands, all at the church door/Apart from other company in you/No need just now to speak of that, forsooth/And she had thrice been to Jerusalem†(Lines 470-473). Also, the Prologue of the Wife of Bath’s Tale ironically describes a woman which directs the reader to a connection with that of the general prologue. â€Å"In which I’ve been an expert as a wife/That is to say, myself have been the whip/So please yourself whether you want to sip/At that same cask of marriage I shall broach† (Lines 13-16). † Although it is factual that the character in Chaucer’s general prologue and the prologue in the Wife of Bath’s Tale is the same entity, there is yet a distinct difference in descriptions of that character. We will write a custom essay sample on Wife of Baths Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wife of Baths Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wife of Baths Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In terms of the story one might strongly seek out the wide use of key similar yet distinct in difference issues, irony, and metaphorical aspects of the tale as to the general prologue. In response, the similar issues; this vivid sketch is one of the most striking in the General Prologue. We learn of the Wifes physical appearance, her dress, her way of life and her character, while Chaucer introduces hints he intends to amplify later in the narrative. Although editions of the Wifes prologue and tale will usually contain the portrait from the General Prologue, in the work as Chaucer intended it to be in its finished state, the portrait would be separated from the Wifes speaking by at least (as in Robinsons edition) five complete tales, with prologues and linking narratives. Thus details are mentioned in the portrait but left unexplained until much later. The Wife is not beautiful, but forceful and vivacious. Her bright clothes and elaborate head-dress coverchiefs) are ostentatious rather than elegant: her hat is as broad as a bokeler (a buckler or small shield). Her clothes are of good quality fyn scarlet reed and her shoes are moiste and newe: the effect is perhaps to advertise herself and her wealth, rather than attempt uncharacteristic finesse. Of her life we are told that, â€Å"apart from oother compaignye in youthe(Line 471), she has had five husbands, a revelation of which we certainly wish to know more. This means, of cour se, that she has been five times widowed (no divorce for women in 14th century England). Her habit of going on pilgrimages suggests a devout woman, but her real reasons for such travel are a love of adventure, and the social opportunities these trips bring. As in the present case, most pilgrims are men (and the few other women present are nuns). One of them might be the next husband for whom she is looking out! The last part of the description tells us of her social skills, especially her knowledge of remedies of love, an art which she well understands. Irony is a form of speech in which the real meaning is concealed or contradicted by the words used. In the prologue of the Wife of Bath,

How to Write a Novel Writing an AMAZING Book in 15 Steps

How to Write a Novel Writing an AMAZING Book in 15 Steps How to Write a Novel in 15 Steps Much like learning to ride a bike, the best way to learn how to write a novel is by just doing it. Unlike saddling up on a Schwinn for the first time, however, writing a novel can’t be accomplished in one hot summer’s day. It requires good doses of commitment and perseverance. As Octavia Butler put it: â€Å"You don’t start out writing good stuff. You start out writing crap and thinking it’s good stuff, and then gradually you get better at it. That’s why I say one of the most valuable traits is persistence.†This post will break up the 15 major steps of writing a novel into bite-sized pieces, organized in three categories - before, during, and after you write your manuscript. Those steps are as follows:How to Write a Novel: Working with readers is important, because during the writing process authors can often become blind to certain issues like plot holes, lack of continuity, exposition dumps, etc. Beta readers can help you iron these things out before you publish your novel - and you get the exact same feedback, only in a negative user review on Amazon which everyone can see.For more information on where to find beta readers and tips for getting the most out of working with them, head here. And if you're curious about sensitivity readers and what they do, go here.15. Hire a professional editorOne of the most important parts of getting a novel ready for publication is to: hire an editor. It might not be the cheapest investment, but when you think of the many hours you’ve spent getting your novel to this point, the cost of getting an expert to fine-tune and polish your story is likely worth it.Here are a few types of editors you might want to consider working with:Developmental Editor. If youâ⠂¬â„¢re planning to hire multiple editors once you finish your manuscript, it’s best to start with a developmental one. They will provide a holistic and in-depth review of your novel,   giving you feedback on everything from problematic characterization to sentence structure.Copyediting. A copyeditor has a more zero’d-in approach than developmental editor. They will make sure that the â€Å"copy† - the actual language used in your novel - is perfect, keeping an eye out for things like bad grammar, repetition of certain words, or spelling mistakes.Proofreading. Typically the last stage of editing, proofing provides your manuscript with a final polish, making sure it puts its best foot forward when it hits the presses. A proofreader will ensure that every word in your novel is spelt correctly and that every sentence is grammatically correct, clearly marking any errors they find.Learn more about what each type of editing consists of here.Now, how about that pri ce tag we mentioned? Well, the cost of professional editing will depend on a number of variables: the type of editing you need, the specific editor you hire, and your books length, to start.But to give you a general idea, here are the potential costs of editing a 60,000-word manuscript:Developmental Editing: $1,440Copy Editing: $1,020Proofreading: $600Check out our post for more information on the costs of editing - and even try out our pricing calculator by entering the word count for your novel and genre. Step by step: tackle writing a novel in bite-sized pieces And there you have it, 15 steps that will take you from â€Å"one day I’ll write a novel† to â€Å"today I finished writing my first novel.† During the process, the perfect title for your book may have come to you. If not, finding the perfect moniker for your story will likely be a last - and important! - step. But don’t worry, we’re not going to leave you hanging. Check out our book title generator and generate titles based on your genre until you find the one.What step of the process do you typically get stuck on? What advice might you have for other writers currently struggling to get their novel going? Leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

The Difference Between Hard and Soft Water

The Difference Between Hard and Soft Water Youve heard the terms hard water and soft water, but do you know what they mean? Is one type of water somehow better than the other? What type of water do you have? This article looks at the definitions of these terms and how they relate to water in everyday life. Hard Water vs Soft Water Hard water is any water containing an appreciable quantity of dissolved minerals. Soft water is treated water in which the only cation (positively charged ion) is sodium. The minerals in water give it a characteristic taste. Some natural mineral waters are highly sought for their flavor and the health benefits they may confer. Soft water, on the other hand, may taste salty and may not be suitable for drinking. If soft water tastes bad, then why might you use a water softener? The answer is that extremely hard water may shorten the life of plumbing and lessen the effectiveness of certain cleaning agents. When hard water is heated, the carbonates precipitate out of solution, forming scales in pipes and tea kettles. In addition to narrowing and potentially clogging the pipes, scales prevent efficient heat transfer, so a water heater with scales will have to use a lot of energy to give you hot water. Soap is less effective in hard water because it reacts to form the calcium or magnesium salt of the organic acid of the soap. These salts are insoluble and form grayish soap scum, but no cleansing lather. Detergents, on the other hand, lather in both hard and soft water. Calcium and magnesium salts of the detergents organic acids form, but these salts are soluble in water. How to Soften Water Hard water can be softened (have its minerals removed) by treating it with lime or by passing it over an ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resins are complex sodium salts. Water flows over the resin surface, dissolving the sodium. The calcium, magnesium and other cations precipitate onto the resin surface. Sodium goes into the water, but the other cations stay with the resin. Very hard water will end up tasting saltier than water that had fewer dissolved minerals. Most of the ions have been removed in soft water, but sodium and various anions (negatively charged ions) still remain. Water can be deionized by using a resin that replaces cations with hydrogen and anions with hydroxide. With this type of resin, the cations stick to the resin and the hydrogen and hydroxide that are released combine to form pure water.

A report to identify operational risk failures of the Fukushima Essay

A report to identify operational risk failures of the Fukushima nuclear disaster - Essay Example For the entire extensive fact, it offers what the report cannot completely convey - specifically to a worldwide onlookers - is the approach that reinforced the laxity behind this tragedy. What ought to be acknowledged - very excruciatingly - is that the disaster was "occasioned in Japan." Rendering to ICANPS website, its essential roots are to be established in the entrenched customs of Japanese ethnicity: their reflexive obedience, their hesitance to question authority, their devoutness to abiding with the schedule, their groupism, and their insularity. The TEPCO and government were unsuccessful in preventing the tragedy not because a big tsunami was unexpected, but since they were unwilling to invest effort, money and time in shielding against a natural tragedy reflected as unlikely. The regulatory and utility bodies were excessively self-assured that events a far from the latitude of their suppositions would not transpire and were not conscious that assesses to avoid the severest situation were truly full of cracks. TEPCO had actually pondered in on an assessment concerning earthquake threat and inquired the government to essentially underplay the probability of a tidal wave in the area, an interim report said. The board's report criticized an insufficient legal structure for nuclear disaster management, emergency-command confusion triggered by the TEPCO and government, and conceivable excess interfering on the involvement from prime minister's bureau in the initial phase of the predicament. The board settled that a background of complacency concerning nuclear welfare and poor disaster management steered towards the nuclear catastrophe. This was according to ICANPS official website. Japanese officials overlooked the threats of a nuclear calamity since they believed in the 'myth of atomic safety', such as the idea that serious calamities do not take place at nuclear-powered enclosures in Japan. The essential problem falls in the point that functionalities, to gether with TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power), and the regime failed to perceive the risk as reality. The interim report also articulated that TEPCO and the government believed the 'idea that severe misfortunes do not ensue at nuclear enclosures in their country'. "Since the administration and the energy utilities, as well as TEPCO, were prejudiced by the security myth, reasoning they would certainly not ever encounter such a severe calamity, they were notable to apprehend that such a catastrophe might occur in actuality. The panel declared in its concluding report that this seemed to remain as the essential problem. TEPCO therefore failed to warm up for sufficient tsunami safeguards or disaster management measures to cope with a base blackout. The board's report revealed that the Fukushima catastrophe arose because persons did not grasp the effect of natural cataclysms seriously. Yotaro Hatamura, an engineer professor at the University of Tokyo who oversaw the commission, expressed in a news session that even although there existed new discoveries about the threat of a tidal wave, TEPCO might not have seen it since people are visionless to anything they do not plan to see. This was according to Asian News International article. The board proposed that post-Fukushima protection steps put in place

The Internet and It's Use in Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Internet and It's Use in Politics - Essay Example In May 2010, a survey observed the Republicans (who were Congress members) as reaching out to new Facebook connections at a faster rate than the Democrats. As a result, by August 2010, members of the Republic Party claimed to possess double the amount of â€Å"fans† of the Democrats on Facebook. Prior to this, Hillary Clinton, the present US Secretary of State and Paul Nelson, the Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives had used the YouTube and MySpace sites for their respective election campaigns. (Bardes, Shelley,Schmidt, 192) How media sites encourage public involvement in politics The social networking sites undertake special projects to increase public participation in political issues.In January 2008, Facebook cosponsored a primary debate regarding the candidature of US Presidentship. This was the media site’s first notable political project, where one million of the site’s users participated in debate groups and were also allowed to present their own questions to the concerned candidates. Facebook also organized debates on the implementation of the US health care bill. Though, these were not initiated for any achieving any particular objective, important insights were gained from the passionate arguments that took place regarding the bill. This ultimately paved the way to the complete transformation of the US health-care system in March 2010. The social networking sites have the young population as the majority of its members. Modern politicians have realized that they can use thesenetworking platforms to disseminate their political ideologies among the youth of the country (Bardes, Shelley,Schmidt, 192). Social Media’s influence on Campaigning In the 20th century, political campaigns were mainly conducted on the streets with the help of posters, placards and bill boards. To reach out to a wider population, the campaigners relied on the traditional means of communication like advertising through the tele vision, radio, phone banks, newspapers and e-mail. In contrast, political campaigns in the 21st century depend heavily on the online communication methods. Political advertising is conducted through the Internet, RSS feeds, podcasts, interactive websites, social media sites, blogs, microblogs, mobile text messages and the e-mail. Campaigners specially utilize the platforms of YouTube, My Space, Facebook, other networking sites and micro-blogs like Twitter,to communicate their ideas to potential voters.The on-street campaigns had adequate time (days and sometimes weeks) to design advertising messages to influence the voters. After the election, the polling results also required some time to be analyzed and reported. On the other hand, the modern online campaigns operate at a phenomenal speed throughout the entire day. Election results, on field data and early voting information are received, deciphered and reported within a matter of a few hours. The on-street campaigns could involve a limited number of participants in their election propaganda.The rest of the population was left as spectators who were only required to cast their votes on the election day. In comparison, the online communication methodsensure the involvement of a greater number of potential voters in the election campaign. People

Book Cover Analysis on the Pinocchio Effect Essay Example for Free

Book Cover Analysis on the Pinocchio Effect Essay Upon going through the vast artwork, one particular piece grabbed my attention. It was of a line up composed of men in boxer shorts in different colors. The overall look of the work gave it almost a vintage feeling because of the way the figures were drawn. It gave a sort of â€Å"pin-up† feel. Although composed of men, you can not help but be transported through time just by the visual aspect. The book was entitled â€Å"The Pinocchio Effect: On Making Italians, 1860-1920†. It dawned on me that these were Italians lined up, in a way that is reminiscent of a group of new recruits waiting to get their gears for war. As I further observed, these figures were progressing, starting from left to right. And taking this into consideration, I realized that this was a crude depiction of the evolution of an Italian man. The use of this illustration was very effective in stirring up intrigue in the work and as well as reinforcing what the book was about. Further research on the contents of the book revealed that this was indeed a book about the progression of the Italians after different Italian states began uniting into one nation (Stewart, 2007). This artwork was done by Isaac Tobin, an artist particularly renowned for his works on graphic design. The original look of the figures depicted in the work was compromised by the addition of color on the trunks. This added a comical feel to the overall mood of the figures, but is nonetheless effective in drawing out attention and to provide a contemporary feeling for the art. Overall, this artwork leaves a lasting impression and certainly a valuable addition to the cause of the book. It took the theme of the book and properly wielded the appropriate sources to tell its story at a moments glance.

The Characters of Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

The Characters of A Streetcar Named Desire  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams was one of the greatest American dramatists of the 20th century. Most of his plays take us to the southern states and show a confused society. In his works he exposes the degeneration of human feelings and relationships. His heroes suffer from broken families and they do not find their place in the society. They tend to be lonely and afraid of much that surrounds them. Among the major themes of his plays are racism, sexism, homophobia and realistic settings filled with loneliness and pain.1 Tennessee Williams characters showed us extremes of human brutality and sexual behavior.2   One of his most popular dramas was written in 1947, and it is called A Streetcar Named Desire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The drama is basically about a married couple -Stella and Stanley Kowalski- who are visited by Stella's older sister, Blanche. The drama shows the caustic feelings of these people putting Blance DuBois in the center. The drama tells the story of the pathetic mental and emotional demise of a determined, yet fragile, repressed   and delicate Southern lady born to a once-wealthy family of Mississippi planters.3   No doubt that the character of Blanche is the most complex one in the drama. She is truly a tragic heroine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First she is introduced as a symbol of innocence and chastity.4   She is aristocratic and intelligent, and sensitive and fragile at the same time, also beautiful and this delicate beauty has a moth-like appearance. But these positive characteristics are overshadowed by the fact that Blanche arrives to Elysian Fields, which is a poor section of New Orleans, on two streetcars, Desire and Cemeteries. These misterious expressions, which can be considered to be the main symbols of the play, suggest that something is is not clear around Blanhe or that something wrong will happen towards the end. Elysian Fields symbolizes paradise beyond death from ancient lore,3   Desire expresses Blanche's desire to be loved and Cemeteries represents her fear of death.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Blanche represents a deep-seated attachment to the past.5   Her life is a lesson how tragic events events in the past can ruin a person's future. Her husband's death affects her the most. Blanche was only a young girl without any experience when she got married. She married Allan Grey, who was only sixteen. Their marriage started well, but later the young wife found out that Allan was homosexual.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 6

It was a full-force invasion. Even before the echoes of breaking glass had died, figures in black uniforms were swarming through the window. Dark ninjas, Keller thought. An elite group made up of vampires and shapeshifters, the Night World experts at sneaking and killing. Keller's mind, which had been roiling in clouds of stifled anger, was suddenly crystal clear. â€Å"Nissa, take her!† she shouted. It was all she needed to say. Nissa grabbed Diana. It didn't matter that Iliana was screaming breathlessly and too shocked to want to go anywhere. Nissa was a vampire and stronger than a human Olympic weight lifter. She simply picked Iliana up and ran with her toward the back door. Without being told, Winfrith followed close behind, orange energy already sizzling between her palms. Keller knew she would provide good cover- Winnie was a fighting witch. She made full use of the new powers that all the Night People were developing as the millennium got closer. As one of the ninjas lunged after them, she let loose with a blast of poppy-colored energy that knocked him sideways. â€Å"Now you!† Keller shouted to Galen, trying to hustle him into the hallway without turning from the ninjas. She hadn't changed and didn't want to if she could avoid it. Changing took time, left you vulnerable for the few seconds that you were between forms. Right now seconds counted. Galen got a few steps down the hall, then stopped. â€Å"Grandma Harman!† I knew it, Keller thought. He's a liability. The old woman was still in the living room, standing with her feet braced apart, cane ready. Her apprentice, Toby, was in front of her, working up some witch incantation and tossing energy. They were right in the flow of the ninjas. Which was as it ought to be. Keller's mind had clicked through the possibilities right at the beginning and had come to the only reasonable conclusion. â€Å"We have to leave her!† Galen turned to her, his face lit by the multicolored energy that was flying around them. â€Å"What?† â€Å"She's too slow! We have to protect you and Hiana. Get moving!† His features were etched in shock. â€Å"You're joking. Just wait here-I'll bring her.† â€Å"No! Galen-â€Å" He was already running back. Keller cursed. â€Å"Go on!† she yelled to Nissa and Winnie, who were at the entrance to the kitchen, where the back door was. â€Å"Take the limo if you can get to it. Don't wait for us!† Then she turned and plunged into the living room. Galen was trying to shield Grandma Harman from the worst of the energy being exchanged. Keller gritted her teeth. This group of ninjas was only the first wave. They were here to breach the wards and make an opening for whatever was going to follow. Which could be a dragon. The ninjas hadn't finished their job, though. Most of the wards were holding, and the one that had fallen was on a small window. The dark figures could only squirm in one at a time. The house shook as whoever was outside slammed power at it, trying to break a bigger entrance. Faintly, Keller heard an engine rev up outside. She hoped it was the limo. Galen was pulling at Grandma Harman. Toby was grappling hand-to-hand with a ninja. Keller batted a couple of the sneaks out of her way. She wasn't trying to kill them, just put them out of commission. She had almost reached Galen. And then she heard the rumbling. Only her panther ears could have picked it up. Just as the first time when she'd heard it, it was so deep that it seemed both soft and frighteningly loud. It shook her to her bones. In a flash, she knew what was coming. And there was no time to think about what to do. Galen seemed to have sensed it, too. Keller saw him looking at the roof just above the door. Then he turned toward Grandma Harman, shouting. After that, everything happened at once. Galen knocked the old woman down and fell on top of her. At the same time, Keller sprang and landed on top of both of them. She was changing even as she did it. Changing and spreading herself out, trying to make herself as wide and flat as possible. A panther rug to cover them. The brick wall exploded just as the window had, only louder. Shattered with Power, Keller thought. The dragon had recovered†¦ fast. And then it was raining bricks. One hit Keller in the leg, and she lashed her tail in fury. Another struck her back, and she felt a deep pain. Then one got her in the head, and she saw white light. She could hear Galen shouting under her. It seemed to be her name. Then nothing. Something wet touched her face. Keller hissed automatically, pawing at it in annoyance. â€Å"Lemme lone.† â€Å"Boss, wake up. Come on, it's morning already.† Keller opened heavy eyes. She was dreaming. She had to be. Either that, or the afterlife was full of teenage girls. Winnie was bending over her with a dripping washcloth, and Nissa was peering critically over her shoulder. Behind Nissa was Iliana's anxious little heart-shaped face, her hair falling like two shimmering curtains of silvery-starlight gold on either side. Keller blinked. â€Å"I was sure I was dead.† â€Å"Well, you got close,† Winnie said cheerfully. â€Å"Me and Toby and Grandma Harman have been working on you most of the night. You're going to be kind of stiff, but I guess your skull was too thick to crack.† Keller sat up and was rewarded with a stabbing pain in her temples. â€Å"What happened? Where's Galen?† â€Å"Well, golly gee, Boss, I didn't know you cared-â€Å" â€Å"Stop fooling around, Winnie! Where's the guy who's got to be alive if the shapeshifters are going to join Circle Daybreak?† Winnie sobered. Nissa said calmly, â€Å"He's fine, Keller. This is Iliana's house. Everybody's okay. We got you guys out-â€Å" Keller frowned, struck by a new worry. â€Å"You did? Why? I told you to take the girl and go.† Nissa raised an eyebrow wryly. â€Å"Yes, well, but the girl didn't want to go. She made us stop and turn back for you.† â€Å"For Galen,† Keller said. She looked at Diana, who was wearing a pink nightgown with puffy sleeves and looked about seven. She tried to make her voice patient. ‘It was good to think of him, but you should have followed the plan.† â€Å"Anyway, it worked out,† Nissa said. â€Å"Apparently, the dragon blew the house down on top of you, but then he walked right over you trying to get to us.† â€Å"Yeah. I was kind of hoping he wouldn't realize Galen was there,† Keller said. â€Å"Or wouldn't realize he was important.† â€Å"Well, when he found we'd already gotten away in the limo, he and his buddies took after us in cars,† Winnie said. â€Å"But Nissa lost them. And then Iliana†¦ insisted, and so we circled back. And there you were. Galen and Toby were digging you out. We helped them and brought you here.† â€Å"What about Grandma Harman?† â€Å"She came out of it without a scratch. She's tougher than she looks,† Winnie said. â€Å"She talked to Iliana's mom last night,† Nissa added. â€Å"She fixed everything up so we can stay here. You're supposed to be a distant cousin, and the rest of us are your friends. We're from Canada. We graduated last year, and we're touring the U.S. by bus. We ran into Iliana last night, and that's why she was late. It's all covered, nice and neat.† â€Å"It's all ludicrous,† Keller said. She looked at Iliana. â€Å"And it's time to stop. Haven't you seen enough yet? That's twice you've been attacked by a monster. Do you really want to try your luck for a third time?† It was a mistake. Iliana's face had been sweet and anxious, but now Keller could see the walls slam down. The violet eyes hazed over and sparked at the same time. â€Å"Nobody attacked me until you guys came!† Iliana flared. â€Å"In fact, nobody's attacked me so far at all. I think it's you people they're after-or maybe Galen. I keep telling you that I'm not the one you're looking for.† This was the time for diplomacy, but Keller was too exasperated to think. â€Å"You don't really believe that. Unless you practice being stupid-â€Å" â€Å"Stop calling me stupid!† The last word was a piercing shriek. At the same time, Diana threw something at Keller. She batted it out of the air automatically before it could hit. â€Å"I'm not stupid! And I'm not your Witch Child or whatever you call it! I'm just a normal kid, and I like my life. And if I can't live my life, then I don't want to-to do anything.† She whirled around and stalked out, her nightgown billowing. Keller stared at the missile she'd caught. It was a stuffed lamb with outrageously long eyelashes and a pink ribbon tied around its white neck. Nissa folded her arms. â€Å"Well, you sure handled that one, Boss.† â€Å"Give me a break.† Keller tossed the lamb onto the window seat. â€Å"And just how did she make you two turn around and come back for us, by the way?† Winnie pursed her lips. â€Å"You heard it. Volume control. She kept screaming like-well, I don't know what screams like that. You'd be surprised how effective it is.† â€Å"You're agents of Circle Daybreak; you're supposed to be immune to torture.† But Keller dropped the subject. â€Å"What are you still hanging around for?† she added, as she swung her feet out of bed and carefully tried her legs. â€Å"You're supposed to stick with her, even when she's in the house. Don't stand here staring at me.† â€Å"You're welcome for putting you back together again,† Winnie said, her eyes on the ceiling. In the doorway, she turned and added, â€Å"And, you know, it wasn't Galen she kept screaming we had to go back and get last night. It was you, Keller.† Keller stared at the door as it shut, bewildered. â€Å"You can't go to school,† Keller hissed. â€Å"Do you hear me? You cannot go to school.† They were all sitting around the kitchen table. Iliana's mother, a lovely woman with a knot of platinum hair coiled on her neck, was making breakfast. She seemed slightly anxious about her four new houseguests, but in a pleasantly excited way. She certainly wasn't suspicious. Grandma Harman had done a good job of brainwashing. â€Å"We're going to have a wonderful Christmas,† she said now, and her angelic smile grew brighter. â€Å"We can go into Winston-Salem for a Christmas and Candle Tea. Have you ever had a Moravian sugar-cake? I just wish Great-aunt Edgith had been able to stay.† Grandma Harman was gone. Keller didn't know whether to be relieved or frustrated. Despite what she kept saying, as long as the old woman was around, Keller would worry about her. But with her gone, there was nobody to appeal to, nobody who could order Iliana into safekeeping. So now they were sitting and having this argument. It looked like such a normal breakfast scene, Keller thought dryly. Iliana's father had already left for work. Her mother was bustling around cheerfully. Her little brother was in a high chair making a mess with Cheerios. Too bad that the four nicely dressed teenagers at the table were actually two shapeshifters, a witch, and a vampire. Galen was directly opposite Keller. There were shadows under his eyes-had anyone gotten any sleep last night?-and he seemed subdued but relaxed. Keller hadn't had a chance to speak to him since the dragon's attack. Not that she had anything to say. â€Å"Orange juice, Kelly?† â€Å"No, thank you, Mrs. Dominick.† That was what this family thought their last name was. They didn't realize that witches trace their heritage through the female line and that both Iliana and her mother were therefore Harmans. â€Å"Oh, please, call me Aunt Anna,† the woman said. She had her daughter's violet eyes and the smile of an angel. She was also pouring Keller juice. Now I see where Iliana gets her scintillating intelligence, Keller thought. â€Å"Oh-thanks, Aunt Anna. And, actually, it's Keller, not Kelly.† â€Å"How unusual. But it's nice, so modern.† â€Å"It's my last name, but that's what everybody calls me.† â€Å"Oh, really? What's your first name?† Keller broke off a piece of toast, feeling uncomfortable. â€Å"Raksha.† â€Å"But that's beautiful! Why don't you use it?† Keller shrugged. â€Å"I just don't.† She could see Galen looking at her. Shapeshifters usually were named for their animal forms, but neither Keller nor Raksha fit the pattern. â€Å"I was abandoned as a kid,† she said in a clipped voice, looking back at Galen. Diana's mother wouldn't be able to make anything of this, but she might as well satisfy the princeling's curiosity. â€Å"So I don't know my real last name. But my first name means ‘demon.'† Diana's mother paused with the juice carton over Nissa's glass. â€Å"Oh. How†¦ nice. Well, then, I see.† She blinked a couple of times and walked off without pouring Nissa any juice. â€Å"So what does Galen mean?† Keller said, holding his gaze challengingly and handing her full glass to Nissa. He smiled-a little wryly-for the first time since sitting down. † ‘Calm.'† Keller snorted. â€Å"It figures.† â€Å"I like Raksha better.† Keller didn't answer. With â€Å"Aunt Anna† safely in the kitchen, she could speak again to Diana. â€Å"You understood before, right? That you can't go to school.† â€Å"I have to go to school.† For somebody who looked as if she were made of spun glass, Diana ate a lot. She spoke around a mouthful of microwave pancake. â€Å"It's out of the question. How can we go with you? What are we supposed to be, for Goddess's sake?† â€Å"My long-lost cousin from Canada and her friends,† Diana said indistinctly. â€Å"Or you can all be exchange students who're here to study our American educational system.† Before Keller could say anything, she added, â€Å"Hey, how come you guys aren't at school? Don't you have schools?† â€Å"We've got the same ones you do,† Winnie said. â€Å"Except Nissa-she graduated last year. But Keller and I are seniors like you. We just take time off for this stuff.† â€Å"I bet your grades are as bad as mine,† Diana said unemotionally. â€Å"Anyway, I have to go to school this week. There are all sorts of class parties and things. You can come. It'll be fun.† Keller wanted to hit her with the pot of grits. She had a problem, though. Iliana's little brother Alex had escaped from his high chair and was climbing up her leg. She looked down at him uneasily. She wasn't good with family-type things, and she especially wasn't good with children. â€Å"Okay,† she said. â€Å"Go on back and sit down.† She peeled him off and tried to start him in the right direction. He turned around and put his arms up. â€Å"Kee-kee. Kee-kee.† â€Å"That's his word for ‘kitty,'† Iliana's mother said, coming in with a plate of sausages. She ruffled his white-blond hair. â€Å"You mean Kelly, Kelly,† she told him. † ‘Keller, Keller!† Winnie corrected helpfully. Alex climbed into Keller's lap, grabbed her hair, and hoisted himself into a standing position. She found herself looking into huge violet baby eyes. Witch eyes. â€Å"Kee-kee,† he said flatly, and gave her a sloppy kiss on the cheek. Winnie grinned. â€Å"Having trouble?† The kid had two chubby arms around Keller's neck now and was nudging her chin with his head like a kitten looking for pets. He had a good grip, too. This time, she couldn't peel him off. â€Å"It's just-distracting,† she said, giving up and petting him awkwardly. It was ridiculous. How could she argue with baby giggles in her ears? â€Å"You look kind of sweet together,† Iliana observed. Tm getting dressed for school now. You guys can do whatever you want.† She floated off while Keller was trying to think of a reply. Nissa and Winnie hastily followed her. Galen got up to help Iliana's mother with the dishes. Keller tugged at the baby, who clung like a sloth. Maybe there was shapeshifter blood in this family. â€Å"Kee-kee†¦ pui!† That was what it sounded like. â€Å"Pwee?† Keller glanced nervously at his diaper. â€Å"He means ‘pretty† Iliana's mother said, coming back in. â€Å"It's funny. He doesn't usually take to people like that. He likes animals better.† â€Å"Oh. Well, he has good taste,† Keller said. She finally succeeded in detaching him and gave him back to his mother. Then she started down the hallway after Iliana, muttering, â€Å"Too bad about his eyesight.† â€Å"I think his eyesight's just fine,† Galen said, right behind her. Keller turned, realizing they were alone in the hall. His faint smile faded. â€Å"I really wanted to talk to you,† he said.

Education System in Desperate need of Change Essay

Sir William Haley once said, â€Å"Education would be so much more effective if its purpose were to ensure that by the time they leave school every boy and girl should know how much they don’t know, and be imbued with a lifelong desire to know it†. If students were guaranteed to leave school with knowing of what they don’t know and the desire to continue learning, the method of learning will be correct. Today’s education system does not give students the opportunity to enjoy what they are learning. The banking method, where students are empty vessels which educators must deposit knowledge into, deprives them of creativity and the desire to learn. No child is given the chance to shine and be unique. Students today are simply being placed on a conveyer belt, sorted, and then labeled according to their so called intelligence. We need an education system that provides a slower learning method, a method where you focus on what is being learned instead of zipping through it, and the freedom to make mistakes as this will electrify and stimulate students to fulfill their potential. We must recognize students as individuals and keep in mind their diverse backgrounds. In â€Å"Lives on the Boundary,† Rose states, â€Å"The canon has intended to push to the margins much of the literature of our nation: from American Indian songs and chants to immigrant fiction to working-class narratives† (100). The messages that are received from the text are crucial. The students need to be able to relate to what they have before them. One of the problems with today’s education system is we are given material to read, memorize, and expected to repeat it back at the snap of a finger. But without the ability to relate and connect with the material, the learning doesn’t take place. Everything that is read or being said is just going through one ear and out the other. By adding relatable texts, you add life to learning. In â€Å"Learning in the Key of Life,† Jon Spayde states, â€Å"people cannot learn what they do not love† (69). When students are reading or learning about a subject they love, they are inspired and motivated to learn more. This alone can benefit the learning process for students. It becomes much easier to grasp concepts learned in class. Today’s education system does not allow all students to thrive in their own way. It is fast paced with limited space for creativeness. We are given large amounts of information at a time and attempt to move as quickly as possible through all that we can. There is never â€Å"time† to stay longer on a topic. The instructors try their hardest to keep the pace, but this way of teaching does not benefit any student. In â€Å"Learning in the Key of Life†, Jon Spayde states, â€Å"†¦we are focusing far too much of our energy and resources on fast knowledge, ignoring all the richness and meaning slow knowledge adds to our lives† (68). When the focus is on just getting through the material, we are skipping over the value and richness of slow knowledge. Instead of zipping through a lesson because it needs to be done by a certain day to move onto the next, the focus needs to be on what is being learned than making a time requirement. Spayde also states, â€Å"You can figure out what you can do pretty quickly, but the ethical understanding of what you ought to do comes slowly†. We need to adopt the slow learning method, without it we are missing out on more than we think. There is so much more to learning than getting through the material, the purpose of it is to benefit and gain from it. With slow knowledge we will achieve this. One of the most important changes that needs to be done is the view on mistakes. In the article, â€Å"How to Make Mistakes,† Dennett states, â€Å"Mistakes are not just golden opportunities for learning; they are, in an important sense, the only opportunity for learning something truly new†. When fear is being put into a student to never make a mistake, their education is stunted. They lose the ability to explore and take the chance of being wrong because they are repeatedly punished for being incorrect. When a mistake is made, students will learn where they went wrong and will then grow from it. The key to progress is making mistakes. The reason we are in school is to learn, but with this opportunity taken away from students their ability to learn is ripped from their grasp. Daniel C. Dennett also states, â€Å"You should seek out opportunities to make grand mistakes, just so you can then recover from them†. Instead of using all of their energy to attempt to be perfect and run from being inaccurate, every student should look for every opportunity to be wrong. Without errors, the students can not accomplish much. If you look at Todays’ education system is in desperate need of change. No student is given the opportunity to show what they are fully capable of. Instead they are told what they can do. They are simply labeled and placed where they â€Å"should be†. But when students begin to pursue their mistakes and soak in the richness of slow knowledge, they will begin to truly learn. Maria Montessori once said, â€Å"If education is always to be conceived along the same antiquated lines of a mere transmission of knowledge, there is little to be hoped from it in the bettering of man’s future. For what is the use of transmitting knowledge if the individual’s total development lags behind? †. If many students are having difficulty learning in the method we have created ages ago, why not change it? The time is now and there is no time to waste. We must refocus this outdated system to insure that the students will have a secure future and keep the standard of living that we have today.

Jewish holidays Essay Example

Jewish holidays Essay Example Jewish holidays Essay Jewish holidays Essay We have used many dramatic techniques in our improvisation. These include a freeze frame, in our first scene, whilst Steven is on the telephone, he freezes and I move around nervously, discussing how I feel about leaving. After I have finished, Steven then carries on, on the telephone. We use writing in role, this is when Lucy writes to her diary, which she refers to as Kitty. She talks about her feelings out loud whilst writing in it, and its a good way of showing how she is really feeling. We have monologues, these are the ones when Lucy writes in her diary, as this only includes her on stage, and also whilst she is praying. Steven also does this whilst praying, and at during the last scene, when he tells the audience the story of what happens to his wife and daughter. The sound effects we use are the radio announcement at the beginning of the scene, which we recorded on to a CD. We use the ceremony of Passover, which Jews celebrate to show how God passed over their doors during the final, most important plague of Egypt, which was to kill the first-born son of each person. The Jews painted blood on their doors, and God passed over them, which is why they celebrate it. We also use naturalism, which means we have based our play on a non-fiction event, based on the story of Anne Frank, which we felt was a very emotional and touching topic. In our first scene we have tried to make it very tense and stressful. This means as actors we need to look like we feel awkward and scared. This is because this is where we learn about the sorts of things the Jews were going to get put through. The Jews were put through having to lead a very unusual life, not being able to go out when they wish, do shopping when/where they wish, and eventually they were tortured and put in concentration camps, in extremely horrendous conditions. In our second scene we celebrate the festival of Passover. In this scene we need to try to look a little happier, as this is one of the most important Jewish holidays. However, when the Gestapo arrive, we act very terrified, as this is the scene when we are taken away to a concentration camp. In the final scene, Steven acts very distressed, and feels like he is a failure, as he gets out of the concentration camp alive. He acts very mentally ill, as he commits suicide in the end, hes very upset, and very angry with himself. In our improvisation, I play the mother character. In it I have to play quite a cold woman, who feels threatened that her husband takes her daughters side all the time. When the family go into hiding I have to be able to convey that I am a caring wife/mother, but the war is getting to me. Overall our rehearsing is going well so far, and I hope for it to be a successful performance. I feel our message is very successful, as it educates the audience of the life of a typical family, despite it being a long time ago, and displays the distress and agony a family has to go through just because of their religion.

Bloom

# 8217 ; s Taxonomy Essay, Research Paper Bloom? s Taxonomy is the higher order of thought. Imagine a pyramid ; to acquire to the top, you must first complete what is on the underside. Bloom? s Taxonomy is divided into 6 different subdivisions, each one stipulating what accomplishments are being demonstrated. The first and easiest block is knowledge. In cognition you observe and callback of information, cognition of day of the months, events, topographic points, major thoughts, and of capable affair. Some hints to place cognition is if it asks or you list, define, state, depict, place, demo, label, collect, examine, tabulate, quotation mark, name, who, when, where. The 2nd measure would be comprehension. Comprehension consist of understanding information, appreciation significance, interpret cognition into new context, interpret facts, comparison, contrast, order, group, infer causes, predict effects. Keywords to descry Comprehension would be: sum up, depict, construe, contrast, predict, associate, distinguish, estimation, d ifferentiate, discuss, and extend. Layer figure three is Application. This is where it starts to acquire harder. Application involves utilizing information, methods, constructs, and theories in new state of affairss, work outing jobs utilizing needed accomplishments or cognition. Look out for these words to assist you place application: apply, demonstrate, calculate, complete, illust rate, show, solve, examine, modify, relate, change, classify, experiment, and discover. Step four is Analysis. Analysis involves seeing patterns, organization of parts, recognition of hidden meanings, identification of components. Question Cues: analyze, separate, order, explain, connect, classify, arrange, divide, compare, select, explain, and infer. The second to the last step, Synthesis, is hard, because now not only do the questions have to be answered for this, but the other steps should be done as well, to be able to fully understand. The elements that contribute to synthesis are: use old ideas to create new ones, generalize from given facts, relate knowledge from several areas, predict, and draw conclusions. Clue words include combine, integrate, modify, rearrange, substitute, plan, create, design, invent, what it?, compose, formulate, prepare, generalize, and rewrite. Last and definitely the hardest because incorporate all previous 5 steps, is Evaluation. Evaluation compare s and discriminates between ideas, assess value of theories, presentations, makes choices based on reasoned argument, verifies value of evidence, and recognizes subjectivity. Suggested hints include assess, decide, rank, grade, test, measure, recommend, convince, select, judge, explain, discriminate, support, conclude, compare, and summarize.

Voting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Voting - Research Paper Example Currently, voting instruction seems to be developed largely by election. Administrators, sometimes in collaboration with election system vendors, sometimes in collaboration with other interested parties. Rarely, and possibly, never, are proposed voting instruction subjected to any type of experimental or field testing before their implementations†. (Voting Instructions) In Europe and USA side Direct Recording Electronic voting machines are use. The DRE’s processes are not all the same everywhere. Each has its own style, and that style has significances for where instructions are needed or not needed. Sometimes, the instructions are inconsistent, don’t consider voters likely mistakes, don’t cover important situations, use words which voters may not know and put the action before the context. While writing the instruction of voting we should always think about the possible ways in which people will misread the instruction from their other experiences. Consider US, its order to register vote for all states. An applicant must be a U.S. citizen, a legal resident of state, and 18 years old on before Election Day. A person who declared mentally incomplete or a person who is serving time in prison does not allow permission to vote. In developed countries, voting registration is the responsibility of the government; either local or nati onal, some form of compulsory voting is required as a part of each citizen’s civil duty. In other countries, if people are eligible to vote must opt in to be allowed to participate in vote, as a rule by filling out a specific form registering them to vote. (Voter Registration Information) Voting is important because its provide an authoritative way to voice our opinions regarding elected leaders and overall policies, voting helps us to decide our own future by electing a person who might muse our own views. If the right to vote no longer existed, the country would no longer survive as

Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Modern Consumer Automobiles Dissertation

Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Modern Consumer Automobiles - Dissertation Example Within the course of their experiments, they uncovered many different types of aerodynamic drag on vehicles. In addressing these disparities, they came up with various modern designs to also help to reduce drag. Moreover, it can be seen that dissimilarities existed in the differences between racing car design and road car design, which had led them to explore the reasons why road vehicles did not look like racing cars. This paper will investigate other factors, such as European legislation, that influences the appearance of road vehicles. In addition, it will discuss how and why the appearance of modern cars changed in recent years through the use of texts, pictures, graphs, equations and diagrams. Moreover, the role of Bernoulli relationship on the flow around an object will be explored as well as an explanation of boundary layer properties. Finally, it will analyze flow control using passive methods like vortex generators. Clearly, researchers in their investigations had devised in novative ways to reduce the aerodynamic drag of modern road vehicles. Bettes (1982) defined aerodynamic drag as occurring when a car moved through air and the energy that opposed its direction and slowed down its movement. Another more comprehensive definition of aerodynamic drag was: †The resistance of the air to forward movement, sometimes called "aerodynamic drag". This is a factor of the shape of the vehicle, the objects which stick out (i.e., mirrors, mufflers, bumpers), the amount of turbulence at the rear of the vehicle, the nature of the vehicle's skin surface, and the amount of air going through the vehicle for cooling and ventilation. The faster you go, the greater the air friction (proportional to velocity ²). At the same time, the power to overcome such friction is proportional to velocity ³.† (www.f1technical.net/glossary/). ... Moreover, the role of Bernoulli relationship on the flow around an object will be explored as well as an explanation of boundary layer properties. Finally, it will analyze flow control using passive methods like vortex generators. Clearly, researchers in their investigations had devised innovative ways to reduce the aerodynamic drag of modern road vehicles. II. Aerodynamic Drag of Vehicles a. Drag and the Different Types of Aerodynamic Drag on Vehicles Bettes (1982) defined aerodynamic drag as occurring when a car moved through air and the energy that opposed its direction and slowed down its movement. Another more comprehensive definition of aerodynamic drag was: †The resistance of the air to forward movement, sometimes called "aerodynamic drag". This is a factor of the shape of the vehicle, the objects which stick out (i.e., mirrors, mufflers, bumpers), the amount of turbulence at the rear of the vehicle, the nature of the vehicle's skin surface, and the amount of air going t hrough the vehicle for cooling and ventilation. The faster you go, the greater the air friction (proportional to velocity?). At the same time, the power to overcome such friction is proportional to velocity?.† (www.f1technical.net/glossary/). Bettes (1982) examined the fuel use required to offset the aerodynamic drag of road vehicles, but it served as one of many factors affecting cars. Lift force and the side force comprised other factors as well, which were referred to in non dimensional coefficients used in a broad speed array. Moreover, these forces and their associations with their axes (pitching, yawing, and rolling) relied upon the square of the speed of the

Climate Change and Its Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Climate Change and Its Impact - Essay Example The drastic and unusual effect of climate change that have affected not a few countries are the following: coldest winter in UK in 2008-2009 (since 1996-1997), strong North Atlantic storm in British Isles in 2009 (disrupted power and damaged buildings), Midwest heavy rains and worst floods in June 2008 (since 1993), hurricane Omar in July 2008 with winds of 205 km/hour and ravaged a wide area for 17 days, tropical storm Fay that hit Florida four times with its 100 km/hour winds, the worst drought that hit Spain and Portugal in 2008, the worst South California wildfire that damaged an area of 8,100 hectares in April 2009, the worst Mexico drought in August 2009 that affected 3.5 million farmers, the northern Africa flooding that affected Algeria and Morocco in September to November 2008, and several others (UNEP, 2009). Due to the obvious effects of climate change that include erratic and strong weather conditions, fluctuating temperatures, or changing seasons, states and nations, int ernational organizations, concerned groups and individuals call on everyone, especially carbon emitting manufacturing and production firms, to get involved in mitigating the impact of climate change. Many governments have already passed laws that would address climate change concerns, and also mandated specific level of carbon emission for manufacturers and production companies. On the other hand, some governments and global or organizations provide carbon incentive to countries or corporations that comply with low-carbon emission.... re that damaged an area of 8,100 hectares in April 2009, the worst Mexico drought in August 2009 that affected 3.5 million farmers, the northern Africa flooding that affected Algeria and Morocco in September to November 2008, and several others (UNEP, 2009). Due to the obvious effects of climate change that include erratic and strong weather conditions, fluctuating temperatures, or changing seasons, states and nations, international organizations, concerned groups and individuals call on everyone, especially carbon emitting manufacturing and production firms, to get involved in mitigating the impact of climate change. Many governments have already passed laws that would address climate change concerns, and also mandated specific level of carbon emission for manufacturers and production companies. On the other hand, some governments and global or organizations provide carbon incentive to countries or corporations that comply with low-carbon emission in their activities. The United Nat ions has also initiated the treaty United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to enjoin compliance of member-states to the principles of UN on climate change. Fingerprint and Harbinger of Climate Change Climate change is easily identifiable with the erratic climate and weather patterns being experienced around the globe. It can be attributed to several factors that include increase in temperature due to the trapped heat from the sun, called the greenhouse effect (More on, n.d.) (see Figure 1). The trapped heat kept which is unable to escape into space kept the earth’s temperature moderate to sustain life. But in the current trend, man is adding more gases into the atmosphere that amplify the temperature level (More on, n.d.). Gases released into the atmosphere that

Analysing The Effects Of Forest Fires Environmental Sciences Essay

Analysing The Effects Of Forest Fires Environmental Sciences Essay Problem Area, Facts and Figures. A forest is an area which consists of a high density of trees. It contribute a major part of the ecosystem which are dominated with trees and other woody vegetation all the living organism of forest such as (plants, trees , herbs ,fungi, mammals birds , insects, reptiles , amphibians and other microorganism ) interact with each other and with the non living part of the environment to make a forest Forest Geographical Area A recent survey by Global Forest Resource Assessment 2010 (FRA2010) was collected and analyzed from 233 countries and area of the world, the total area of the worlds forest cover in the year 2010 is estimated just over 4 billion hector which corresponds to 31 percent of the total land area, where the area of the forest is not uniformly distributed. The map of the Worlds forests is illustrated in figure.1 which presented by Global Forest Resource Assessment 2010 (FRA 2010). Figure.1 The Worlds Forest Global Forest Resource Assessment (FRA 2010) Forest Land Water The Russian Federation, Canada, Brazil, the United States of America and China are the five most forest rich countries. And they contribute of 53 percent of the total forest area, whereas 64 countries have no more than 10 percent of the forest land area. In figure 1.1 describe the pie chart of the regional distribution of forest level with respect to total area of the worlds forest. We observe that Europe including Russia contains 25 percent of the forest. Figure 1.1 Distribution of forests by region 2010 Global Forest Resource Assessment (FRA 2010) In addition 21 percent of the forest is covered by South America and 17 percent is existed in Africa and North and Central America. More specifically after study of Swedish forest statistics we have also find that Sweden is the second biggest country of the Europe after Russia in forestry and approximate 66 percent of the total land area is covered with forest. http://www.nordicforestry.org/facts/Sweden.asp#En http://www.fao.org/forestry/fra/62219/en/ Wildfire and Causes As from the above discussion we observe that forest is contributing in major part of the world. Forest fires are one of natures unpredictable natural disasters and have caused tremendous loss to the humans, the animals and the nature, forest fires also known as wildfire, a small spark or the suns heat in the forest can produces a destructive conflagration. Wildfire can quickly spread all over the forest in a second once a fire begins it can spread at a rate of 23 kilometer per hour, capturing everything in its path. Sometime on a peak hot day in forest a small spark from a wheel of a car or trains wheels striking on a track can ignite a wildfire, these wildfire can also be occur naturally like when heat produces from the sun and temperature rises on a dried forest area or a strike from the lightening in the forest, Moreover temperature is the physical quantity of the material and if the temperature goes rises in the woods at approximate to 300 Celsius it will start produces hydrocarbon gases and mix with the oxygen in the air to initiate fire. As a result it is true that weather plays a vital role in the birth and growth of the wildfire and even makes it more difficult in controlling of fire. Wind in the wildfires has the biggest property to move the fire at high rate across the land and can easily change the direction of fire that can damage other human property in the forest. It also examine that most of the forest fire is due to the carelessness of human activity. Climatic change and human activities are the main cause of wildfire. Below are the common causes of wildfire: Human causes One of the major causes of the wildfire is due to human carelessness which includes fireworks or playing with matches, throwing burned cigarettes, campfires, and improperly burning debris are the examples of human causes which result in wildfire. Lightning Lightning is also another reason for wildfire which occur an average scale from three to five per year. Consequently lighting also brings rain in the forest, such wildfire do not cover large areas of the forest. The most recent fire is detected in United State of America and known as Wrangler wildfire, on Wednesday, October 13, 2010 in the Kistachie Hills Wilderness on the Kistachie National Forest. It is also determine that lighting are the main cause of Wrangler fire which covers 95 percent of the total area Farming In farming for clearing the land area cutting and burring of woodlands are the common practices which results in catastrophic wildfire Volcanic Activity Another distractive cause of the wildfire are the explosion of volcanoes that are located near the forest areas, Underground Coal Sometime underground coal fires or mine fire are the causes of wildfires, this cause of fires continue to burn for several years and have direct effect on countries economic, social and ecological impacts. It also produces some kind of toxic fumes which eventually help in the destruction of human property and forest life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfire#Human_involvement http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/wildfire4.htm http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-causes-wildfires.html http://www.inciweb.org/incident/2084/ Wildfire and Effects Forest fire occurs every year and burn a large cultivated area of the forest worldwide. This resulting loss and degradation of forest land and has a direct effect on human societies and forest ecosystem; it can destroy buildings, crops and plantations, loss of foods and shelters can ultimately results in loss of wildlife or in other word major assets of the land might be demolish in this natural disaster. In the year 2007 Greek forest fires produces a massive destruction in the summer seasons and spread out very quickly in the several areas of Greece and destroy farmland, olives groves and thousands of houses, and even a large numbers of firefighters also loss their lives in this incident .Greek Forest fire in August 2007 was consider as the worst wildfire recorded in past 50 years http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_forests/deforestation/forestdegradation/forestfires/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Greek_forest_fires Firefighter and Problems Firefighters or firemen are rescuers specialized in controlling of hazardous fires that intimidate civilian populations and their property, rescue peoples from different incidents such as road accidents , burning buildings and other crises response The goals of firefighters according to priority are own safety, saving victims lives, saving property, and also protecting the environment. Firefighter plays an essential role in tackling of wildfire, they faces many difficulties in extinguish the wildfire, for example as wildfire is commonly occurs in dense forest areas and therefore it become almost very hard to quickly reach near to affected area of the forest, and it is due to different obstacles in the path, Moreover It is also seen that most of the firefighter suffer with lungs problems due to the heavy smokes surround them during their job work. Wildfire A Global Problem Wildfires are the global problems around the world, apart from Middle East, Antarctica and desert regions, spend huge amounts of money annually to tackle wildfires. Each year around the world several wildfires occurs in different countries locations, below is the description of some wildfire take place from the year 2006 2010 and their causes and cost of damage in different countries of the world. It is also observe that at the current time wildfire in Sweden varies between few hundreds to thousands hectares in wet and dry years respectively and the number of wildfires occurrence ranges from 2100 to 3500 annually Year 2006 On 2006 March 31 Africa suffered a net loss of forest which was measured as the second highest forest lost in the world, it was due the cause of conversion the forest land in to agriculture land , and the net loss was determine in that period per year goes to more than 4 million hectares. In the year 2006 Bulgaria face a catastrophic period of wildfire, a randomly number of forest fire occurs in March, August and September, and it cause because of burning wastage vegetables and stubbles by the farmers , Moreover it was measured as 190 fires were the causes by human activities which leads to the economical damage of 270, 000 Euro. On October 29, 2006 The Esperanza Fire was started in a river wash near Cabazon, California, west of Palm Springs, California , Wildfire causes was arson and it cover 61 square miles (160 km-seq) and was 85 percent contained and gradually it reach to 100 percent which resulted in the death of firefighters , house , and buildings. The total damage from Esperanza fire was estimated as above US$9 million http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2006/1000261/index.html Year 2007 In California June 24, 2007 the Angora fire a wind driven fire was started due to the cause of illegal campfire and the fire was 100 percent contained and burned the area of 12.5 (km-seq) and destroyed 67 business structures, 242 residences and damaged 35 other homes which estimated the total fire cost up to US$11.7 million Year 2008 In April and May 2008 the Trigo wildfire was started in New Mexico, United States of America and burned 59 homes on the location and spread over 54 km-seq, Trigo wildfire badly affected the communities of Manzano , Torreon and Tajique, The direct loss of Trigo fire was $10 million which count for the destruction of 59 homes and 40 business structures where as $ 11 million was used in firefighting. In July 2008, Los Angeles Times reported that the month old Zaca wildfire had cost more than US$100 million and over US$2 million on just one of these days. Zaca fire was a major wildfire but it gives us an idea about the costs incurred by cities and nations around the world. Year 2009 In August 14 2009 Yuba fire was started in the U.S. state of Californias Central Valley , Yuba County is a part of the greater Sacramento area, which burn up the area of 6seq miter and damage cost was estimated as US$12.1 million including two residential area and power lines Also from August 26 October 16 the Station Fire incident was detect in the Angeles National Forest near the U.S. Forest Service ranger station, The Station fire was counted as 10th largest wildfire in the history of California and the largest wildfire in Los Angeles that cost the approximate damage of US$ 93.8 million for fighting the fire including aviation cost, Year 2010 In August 15 2010 Bolivia destructive forest fires started which force the countrys government to announce a state emergency; it was the largest fire which covers the eastern part along the countrys border with Brazil. It was very hard to control the fire because low water bombing aircraft. As a result from the fires smoke many flights and airports were close temporarily. The cost of fighting B.C. forest fires in Canada during 2010 alone is close to CA$100 million, almost twice the budgeted costs

The Duchess and the Jeweller :: Literary Analysis, Virginia Woolf

â€Å"The Duchess and the Jeweller† by Virginia Woolf is a short story about Oliver, a poor man who has become a successful jeweler, and his interaction with a Duchess. In the story, Oliver struggles with the Duchess over social power, where she has the ability to cheat him by selling him fake pearls in exchange for a weekend spent with her daughter whom he is in love with – a classic battle of the sexes. While the conflict between man and woman is evident, Virginia Woolf uses flashback, point of view and imagery to also convey the dispute between the rich and the poor. Oliver is first introduced as a man who lives very well â€Å"with the right brandies, whiskeys and liqueurs† (Woolf 90), in a house where â€Å"a more central position could not be imagined† (90). He is a man of power who has â€Å"his breakfast brought in on a try by a manservant† (90) and receives invitations from â€Å"duchesses, countesses, viscountesses and Honourable Ladies† (90). When the Duchess first arrives to see him, he has her wait for ten minutes, displaying that he, a jeweller, has the authority to make her wait. However, Woolf uses flashback to display the underlying battle of the rich and the poor. The reader sees that Oliver came from less fortunate roots where he sold stolen dogs and cheap watches. While superficially it may seem that he has the â€Å"Duchess of Lambourne, daughter of a hundred Earls† ( 93) wait because he has the masculine power to have her wait to see him, Woolf introduces the idea that Oliver, the impecun ious boy who earned his wealth, has the Duchess, a woman whose wealth was inherited, wait for his pleasure. While we see the struggle of control between Oliver and the Duchess, the reader also observes Oliver’s mother’s dominance over him. Using flashback, Woolf shows that as a child when he was swindled while selling stolen dogs, his mother disapprovingly wails, â€Å"Oh, Oliver! When will you have sense, my son?† (90). Later, Oliver talks to a picture of his mother saying, â€Å"I have won my bet† (91) while reminiscing about his past as a indigent boy â€Å"in a filthy little alley† (90) and reflecting on his success. This shows that he has something to prove to his mother, that he is still constrained by her and her thoughts of him.